Protein Structure Informed Bacteriophage Genome Annotation with Phold
George Spyro Bouras, Susanna R. Grigson, Milot Mirdita, Michael Heinzinger, Bhavya Nalagampalli Papudeshi, Vijini Mallawaarachchi, Renee Green, Rachel Seongeun Kim, Victor Mihalia, Alkis James Psaltis, Peter‐John Wormald, Sarah Vreugde, Martin Steinegger, Robert Alan Edwards
Phold pairs ProstT5-predicted 3Di tokens with Foldseek searches against 1,363,704 curated phage structures, annotating 49.4% of CDS in 1,419 INPHARED genomes versus 34.7% for Pharokka MMseqs2.
Nucleic Acids Research · Dec 8, 2025Peer-reviewedBioinformatics✦ In-depth digest