Two centuries of change in the traits and origins of non-native vertebrates
Filipa C. Soares, Joana Catarino, Matilde Salgueiro, Joana Ribeiro, Céline Bellard, Franz Essl, Chunlong Liu, Luís Reino, Hanno Seebens, César Capinha
This study shows that non-native vertebrates have changed in traits and origins over two centuries, with recent species coming from warmer, lower-latitude regions and having smaller ranges.
bioRxiv · Aug 6, 2026 · PreprintEcology