Leaving X: How scale insects evolved alternatives to chromosomal sex determination
Andrew J. Mongue, Erin C. Powell, Tracy Liesenfelt, Ethan Grebler, Amanda Markee
This study investigates how scale insects evolved alternative sex determination systems by analyzing genomic changes across transitions from X-chromosomal sex determination to other systems.
bioRxiv · Feb 14, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology