3-Mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol, a component of leopard urine, repels leopards and spotted hyaenas and protects livestock from leopard attacks; a series of case studies
Peter Apps, Peter Makumbe, John Weldon McNutt
This paper demonstrates that 3M3MB, a component of leopard urine, repels leopards and spotted hyaenas and protects livestock, with cost-effectiveness and varying efficacy based on release rate and application method.
bioRxiv · Sep 14, 2025 · PreprintZoology