Tail Flaring During Agonism in Hummingbirds
Rosalee Elting, Md Zafar Anwar, Donald R. Powers, Bo Cheng, Haoxiang Luo, Bret W. Tobalske
The paper examines tail flaring in hummingbirds during male-male fights, finding greater tail flare angles during fights compared to non-aggressive maneuvers and field observations show tail flaring is common in contests.
Journal of Experimental Biology · Sep 15, 2026Peer-reviewedEvolutionary Biology