Repeated Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Protocol Disrupts Muscle-to-Brain Signaling in Rats
Julien Wirtz, Yuan Wang, Rémi Chaney, Lea Wirtz, Quentin Drezet, Charalambos Papaxanthis, Aurore Quirié, Alexandre Méloux, Stephanie Lemaire, Marina Cefis, Anne Tessier, Philippe E Garnier
This study shows that repeated neuromuscular electrical stimulation in rats leads to maladaptive muscle-to-brain signaling, including inflammation and reduced hippocampal markers, unlike acute stimulation benefits.
bioRxiv · Oct 14, 2026 · PreprintPhysiology