Sex differences in development alter the fledgling sex ratio in a lekking bird with strong sexual size dimorphism
Lina M. Giraldo‐Deck, James D. M. Tolliver, Hanna Algora, Jelena Belojević, Luke J. Eberhart-Hertel, Bart Kempenaers, Kari Koivula, Krisztina Kupán, Katrin Martin, Veli‐Matti Pakanen, Veronika A. Rohr‐Bender, Nelli Rönkä, David B. Lank, Clemens Küpper
The paper shows that sex differences in growth, survival, and fledging timing lead to a female-biased fledgling sex ratio in Ruffs, a lekking bird with strong sexual size dimorphism.
bioRxiv · Oct 29, 2025 · PreprintEcology