Early life adversity shapes adult behavior in a free-ranging primate
Sam K. Patterson, Josué E. Negrón-Del Valle, Daniel Phillips, Angelina V. Ruiz-Lambides, Noah Snyder‐Mackler, Lauren J. N. Brent, James P. Higham
This study examines how early life adversity affects adult behavior in free-ranging rhesus macaques, finding that ELA correlates with increased aggression, reduced grooming, and submissive behaviors.
bioRxiv · Jul 22, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology