Modular Assembly of Biohybrid Machines Using Force-Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Actuators
Humphrey Yang, Avery S. Williamson, Ji Min Seok, Daniel Ranke, Duncan McGee, Emily Trotto, Kiyn Chin, Dinesh K. Patel, Adam W. Feinberg, Tzahi Cohen‐Karni, Victoria A. Webster‐Wood
This study develops a suspended compliant skeleton to enhance muscle maturation and enables modular assembly of biohybrid actuators with high-force output and repairability.
bioRxiv · Jul 6, 2025 · PreprintBioengineering