Animal Behavior & CognitionbioRxivPreprint
Automated Facial Landmark Analysis vs. Manual Coding: Accuracy in Dog Emotional Expression Classification
Jiao-Ling Appels, George Martvel, Anna Zamansky, Stefanie Riemer
This study compares manual coding and automated facial landmark analysis for classifying fear in dogs during fireworks, finding manual coding more accurate but automated methods show potential for scalable welfare monitoring.
DOI 10.1101/2025.10.23.683931