Extended Application of Genomic Selection to Screen Multi-Omics Data for Prognostic Signatures of Prostate Cancer

Prognostic tests using expression profiles of several dozen genes help provide treatment choices for prostate cancer (PCa). However, these tests require improvement to meet the clinical need for resolving overtreatment which continues to be a pervasive problem in PCa management. Genomic selection (GS) methodology, which utilizes whole-genome markers to predict agronomic traits, was adopted in this study for PCa prognosis. We leveraged The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate the prediction performance of six GS methods and seven omics data combinations, which showed that the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) model outperformed the other methods regarding predictability and computational efficiency. Leveraging the BLUP-HAT method, an accelerated version of BLUP, we demonstrated that using expression data of a large number of disease-relevant genes and with an integration of other omics data (i.e., miRNAs) significantly increased outcome predictability when compared with panels consisting of small numbers of genes. Finally, we developed a novel stepwise forward selection BLUP-HAT method to facilitate searching multi-omics data for predictor variables with prognostic potential. The new method was applied to the TCGA data to derive mRNA and miRNA expression signatures for predicting relapse-free survival of PCa, which were validated in six independent cohorts. This is a transdisciplinary adoption of the highly efficient BLUP-HAT method and its derived algorithms to analyze multi-omics data for PCa prognosis. The results demonstrated the efficacy and robustness of the new methodology in developing prognostic models in PCa, suggesting a potential utility in managing other types of cancer.