When Attention Hurts: The Effect Of rTMS On Neural Correlates Of Time Perception

Abstract

The parietal lobe plays a crucial role in the attentional networks that help shape our perception, including our perception of time. Based on neuropsychological and neurophysiological evidence, a "when" pathway including the right parietal lobe has been proposed as the critical cortical site for the discrimination of objects across time. When an oddball stimulus is presented in a stream of identical standard stimuli, it is perceived as lasting longer, even when its actual duration is shorter. While attentional capture seems to play a major role in this subjective expansion of time the cortical mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear. We therefore set to investigate the direct role of parietal brain areas in time perception using combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). We measured the perceived duration of an oddball stimulus in each participant before and after inhibitory 1-Hz rTMS stimulation at one of three scalp locations: the right intraparietal sulcus (rIPS), the right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL), or the occipital cortex as a control. EEG was recorded throughout. Stimulation over the rIPL caused a more veridical experience of times subjective expansion towards the oddball, while rTMS over the rIPS and the occipital cortex had no effect. These data provide theoretically challenging notions to the concept of the cortexes role within time perception and the mechanisms involved.