Visuomotor temporal adaptation is tuned to gamma brain oscillatory coherence

Every time we use our smartphone, tablet, or other electronic devices we are exposed to temporal delays between our actions and the sensory feedback. We can compensate for such delays by adjusting our motor commands and doing so likely requires establishing new temporal mappings between motor areas and sensory predictions. However, little is known about the neural underpinnings that would support building new temporal correspondences between different brain areas. We here address the possibility that communication through coherence, which is thought to support neural interareal communication, lies behind the neural processes accounting for how humans cope with additional delays between motor and sensory areas. We recorded EEG activity while participants intercepted moving targets while seeing a cursor that followed their hand with a delay rather than their own hand. Participants adjusted their movements to the delayed visual feedback and intercepted the target with the cursor. The EEG data shows a significant increase in coherence of beta and gamma bands between visual and motor areas during the hand on-going movement towards interception. However, when looking at differences between participants depending on the level of adaptation, only the increase in gamma band correlated with the level of temporal adaptation. We are able to describe the time course of the coherence using coupled oscillators showing that the times at which high coherence is achieved are within useful ranges to solve the task. Altogether, these results evidence the functional relevance of brain coherence in a complex task where adapting to new delays is crucial. AUTHOR SUMMARYHumans are often exposed to delays between their actions and the incoming sensory feedback caused by actions. While there have been advances in the understanding of the conditions at which temporal adaptation can occur, little is known about the neural mechanisms enabling temporal adaptation. In the present study we measure brain activity (EEG) to investigate whether communication through coherence between motor and sensory areas might be responsible for ones ability to cope with externally imposed delays in an interception task. We show evidence that neural coherence at gamma band between visual and motor areas is related to the degree of adaptation to temporal delays.