Using aerial thermography to map terrestrial thermal environments in unprecedented detail

O_LIThe accurate quantification of thermal environments is crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change across ecosystems. C_LIO_LITwo major obstacles exist in mapping biologically relevant thermal landscapes: 1) overcoming the mismatch between the spatial resolution at which environmental data are typically collected and the scale at which a particular organism experiences thermal variation, and 2) quantifying thermal landscapes without substantial measurement gaps in time or space. C_LIO_LIWe present a new method that integrates aerial thermography from uncrewed aerial vehicles with field-deployed operative temperature models to generate fine-scale, spatiotemporally complete maps of operative temperature. C_LIO_LITo ensure the accessibility of our method, we developed an R package, throne, which streamlines the necessary corrections to raw drone data and produces operative thermal landscapes for any day or time during which data loggers were deployed. C_LIO_LIOur method allows researchers to generate detailed and biologically relevant thermal landscapes for species of interest which should enhance our understanding of animal thermal ecology and improve our ability to forecast the responses of organisms to environmental change. C_LI