DNA StairLoop: Achieving High Error-correcting and Parallel-processing Capabilities in DNA-based Data Storage

DNA-based data storage is a promising solution to the challenges of large-scale data storage. However, the low throughput of the mainstream inkjet-based DNA synthesis method has hindered its widespread adoption. In contrast, high-throughput electrochemical synthesis provides higher throughput but with more nucleotide insertion, deletion, and substitution errors. Here, we propose an innovative coding scheme with high error correction capabilities, called DNA StairLoop. This coding scheme features a staircase interleaver and allows for component codes such as the convolutional code and the ow-density Parity-check code, allowing for flexible adaptation of the coding scheme. Both the row and the column decoders are soft input and soft output, enabling further improvement in data recovery accuracy through iterative decoding. The staircase interleaver facilitates extensive parallel decoding capabilities while effectively preserving parallelism across a multitude of nodes. In the in vitro experiment, DNA StairLoop successfully recovered the raw information in a staircase block with a nucleotide error rate of more than 8%. The simulations revealed that the DNA StairLoop can correct 10% nucleotide errors. Moreover, in parallel computing processing, the decoding time of our code continues to decrease dramatically.