Functional Characterization of an Electromagnetic Perceptive Protein

Abstract

Magnetoreception, the response to geomagnetic fields is a well described phenomenon in nature. However, it is likely that convergent evolution led to different mechanisms in different organisms. One intriguing example is the unique Electromagnetic Perceptive Gene (EPG) from the glass catfish Kryptopterus vitreolus, that can remotely control cellular function, upon magnetic stimulation in in-vitro and in-vivo. Here, we report for the first time the cellular location and orientation of the EPG protein. We utilized a differential labelling technique to determine that the EPG protein is a membrane anchored protein with an N-terminal extracellular domain. The kinetics and diffusion dynamics of the EPG protein in response to magnetic stimulation was also elucidated using single particle imaging and tracking. Pulse chase labelling and Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) imaging revealed an increase in EPG kinetics post magnetic activation at a single particle level. Trajectory analysis show notably different EPG protein kinetics before and after magnetic stimulation in both 2 (free vs bound particle) and 3 state (free vs intermediate vs bound particle) tracking models. This data provides additional information to support and understand the underlying biophysical mechanisms behind EPG activation by magnetic fields and provides evidence for the basis of magnetoreception in the EPG protein that will aid in future studies that seek to further understand this novel mechanism. This study is important for understanding magnetoreception as well as developing new technologies for magnetogenetics - the utilization of electromagnetic fields to remotely control cellular function. Table of Contents Graphic O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=126 SRC="FIGDIR/small/329946v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (39K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ce4aborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e8bb89org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1705113org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dadf23_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG