Plastidic Δ6 Fatty-Acid Desaturases With Distinctive Substrate Specificity Regulate The Pool Of C18-PUFAs In The Ancestral Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri

Abstract

Eukaryotic {Delta}6-desaturases are microsomal enzymes which balance the synthesis of {omega}-3 and {omega}-6 C18-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (PUFA) accordingly to their specificity. In several microalgae, including O. tauri, plastidic C18-PUFA are specifically regulated by environmental cues suggesting an autonomous control of {Delta}6-desaturation of plastidic PUFA. Sequence retrieval from O. tauri desaturases, highlighted two putative {Delta}6/{Delta}8-desaturases sequences clustering, with other microalgal homologs, apart from other characterized {Delta}-6 desaturases. Their overexpression in heterologous hosts, including N. benthamiana and Synechocystis, unveiled their {Delta}6-desaturation activity and plastid localization. O. tauri lines overexpressing these {Delta}6-desaturases no longer adjusted their plastidic C18-PUFA amount under phosphate starvation but didnt show any obvious physiological alterations. Detailed lipid analyses from the various overexpressing hosts, unravelled that the substrate features involved in the {Delta}6-desaturase specificity importantly involved the lipid head-group and likely the non-substrate acyl-chain, in addition to the overall preference for the {omega}-class of the substrate acyl-chain. The most active desaturase displayed a broad range substrate specificity for plastidic lipids and a preference for {omega}-3 substrates, while the other was selective for {omega}-6 substrates, phosphatidylglycerol and 16:4-galactolipid species specific to the native host. The distribution of plastidial {Delta}6-desaturase products in eukaryotic hosts suggested the occurrence of C18-PUFA export from the plastid. One sentence summaryOsteococcus tauri plastidic lipid C18-PUFA remodelling involves two plastid-located cytochrome-b5 fused {Delta}6-desaturases with distinct preferences for both head-group and acyl-chain.