Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Coconut: A Novel Antimicrobial Strategy Against Acne Pathogens

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a widespread dermatological disorder, often complicated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Rising resistance to conventional antibiotics has created an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. Nanoparticles, due to their nanoscale dimensions and unique surface properties, have shown considerable promise in overcoming bacterial resistance mechanisms. In this study, acne-associated bacteria were isolated and identified through biochemical and microscopic methods, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. The isolates exhibited resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics including vancomycin, erythromycin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. To address this, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using coconut shell extract (CSE), a waste-derived, phenolic-rich material that acted both as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the green synthesis process. CSE-AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against MDR S. aureus, producing clear zones of inhibition, reduced MIC values, and structural damage to bacterial cell walls. These findings highlight CSE-AgNPs as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and potent antimicrobial alternative, integrating waste valorization with nanotechnology to combat antibiotic resistance in acne-associated pathogens.