A practical phenotyping framework for root system architecture reveals enhanced root vigor in an Aegilops tauschii-derived wheat line

Abstract

The Multiple Synthetic Derivatives (MSD) population is a unique hexaploid wheat resource that captures extensive genetic diversity from Aegilops tauschii and exhibits wide variation in agronomic traits. However, root system architecture (RSA), a key determinant of resource acquisition and stress adaptation, remains poorly characterized in this population. Here, we established a practical phenotyping framework for RSA analysis and evaluated MSD417 as a representative genotype. A two-dimensional cultivation platform enabling continuous imaging of seedling root growth under controlled conditions was established to quantify RSA traits and their responses to high temperatures. MSD417 was compared with its recurrent parent, Norin 61 (N61). Under controlled conditions, MSD417 displayed greater total root length, root system width, and convex hull area than N61, indicating enhanced early root vigor. This genotype also exhibited a wider seminal root angle, suggesting improved horizontal soil exploration while maintaining root depth. High-temperature treatment reduced overall root growth and minimized genotypic differences, indicating that temperature stress constrains RSA expression. Microscopic observations further revealed a lower height-to-width ratio of coleorhiza tissue of MSD417, suggesting restricted downward expansion. Collectively, this study establishes a practical framework for RSA phenotyping and demonstrates the potential of Aegilops tauschii-derived germplasm to enhance wheat root-related adaptive traits.