Prevalence of mango postharvest Stem-end rot disease in Cote d'Ivoire and identification of fungal pathogens associated

Abstract

The Stem-end rot (SER) postharvest disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits is a significant economic threat to mango production. If suitable conditions are not maintained, it can lead to losses of up to 100 %. Despite its importance, very little information is known about this disease in Cote dIvoire. This research aimed determining the incidence and severity of SER in mango orchards, assess how preharvest climate parameters affect the disease and determine the pathogenic fungi associated with SER. Therefore, mango SER was evaluated on 1500 mango fruits collected from 15 orchards.in Boundiali, Ferkessedougou, Korhogo, Odienne, and Sinematiali departments. Mango SER incidence ranged from 10 % to 30 %, while severity ranged from 5 % to 20 %. No significant differences in these parameters were observed between the different departments (P>0.05). The study also revealed a low correlation between SER disease incidence and mean air temperature (r=0.36) and minimum air temperature (r=0.26) data, indicating that preharvest weather conditions may have a marginal impact on mango SER disease intensity in the postharvest phase. Pathogenic fungi associated with SER were isolated and identified using morphological characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-). We identified various fungal species associated with mango SER disease, with Lasiodiplodia species (74%) being the most prevalent (including Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. euphorbicola, and L. caatinguensis), followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia pseudobrachyspora, Diaporthe endophytica and Fusarium mangiferae. However, only Lasiodiplodia species and Diaporthe endophytica induced SER symptoms. This study was the first ever evaluation of mango SER disease and associated fungal pathogens identification in Cote dIvoire. This result will assist researchers in developing a control method for mango SER.