'Wanting' versus 'Needing' related value: an fMRI meta-analysis

Abstract

Consumption and its excesses are sometimes explained by imbalance of need or lack of control over wanting. Wanting assigns value to cues that predict rewards, whereas needing assigns value to biologically significant stimuli that one is deprived of. Here we aimed at studying how the brain activation patterns related to value of wanted stimuli differs from that of needed stimuli using ALE neuroimaging meta-analysis approaches. We used the perception of a cue predicting a reward for wanting related value and the perception of food stimuli in a hungry state as a model for needing related value. We carried out separate, contrasts, and conjunction meta-analyses to identify differences and similarities between wanting and needing values. Our overall results for wanting related value show consistent activation of the ventral tegmental area, striatum and pallidum, regions that both activate behaviour and direct choice; while for needing related value we found an overall consistent activation of the middle insula and to some extent the caudal-ventral putamen, regions that only direct choice. Our study suggests that wanting has more control on consumption, and a needed stimuli must become wanted in order to be pursued.