Genomic profiling of cancerous patients identifies FPR2 as an alternative immunotherapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme

Abstract

BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of high-grade brain tumor known for its proliferative, invasive property, and low survival rate. Recently, with the advancement in therapeutics for tumors such as targeted therapy, individual cancer-specific biomarkers could be recognized as targets for curative purposes. This study identified six differentially expressed genes that have shown significant implications in clinical field, including FPR2, VEGFA, SERPINA1, SOX2, PBK, and ITGB3. FPR2 was of the same protein family with FPR1, and the latter has been repeatedly reported to promote motility and invasiveness of multiple tumor forms. MethodsThe gene expression profiling of 40 GBM samples and five normal samples from the TCGA database were comprehensively analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R package and screened by enrichment analysis and examination of protein-protein interaction networks, in order to further explore the functions of DEGs with the highest association with clinical traits and to find hub genes. A qRT-PCR and Western blots were conducted to verify the results of this study. ResultsOur investigation showed that FPR2, VEGFA, SERPINA1, SOX2, PBK, and ITGB3 were significantly up-regulated in GBM primary tumor compared to the control group. Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs demonstrated that biological functions related to immune systems, cell division and cell cycle were significantly increased, which were closely related to tumor progression and development. Downstream construction of PPI network analysis indicated that FPR2 was a hub gene involved in high level of interaction with CR3 and VEGFA, which played a key role in inflammatory pathways and cellular dysfunction. ConclusionFPR2, VEGFA, SERPINA1, SOX2, PBK, and ITGB3 were significantly over-expressed in primary tumor samples of GBM patients and were involved in cellular functions and pathways contributing to tumor progression. Out of these six pivotal genes, we intensively focused on FPR2, and our analysis and experimental data both suggested its efficacy as a potential biomarker, serving as an alternative immunotherapeutic target for glioblastoma multiforme.