PRISMA: A precision functional imaging dataset of autistic and non-autistic adults

Abstract

Autism spectrum conditions are characterised by substantial heterogeneity in brain function, yet most neuroimaging studies rely on brief single-session acquisitions that prioritise group-level comparisons over individual characterisation. We present a precision functional imaging dataset with extended neuroimaging acquisitions to advance research on individual differences in autism. The dataset comprises 33 autistic adults between the ages of 18 and 30, and 34 age- and gender-matched comparison participants, each scanned across three sessions with up to 90 minutes of functional magnetic resonance imaging per participant. Functional data were acquired during eyes-open rest, news viewing, and reality television viewing to probe state-dependent differences in network engagement. The dataset includes high-resolution structural imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging with dual phase-encoding, and physiological recordings of cardiac and respiratory activity acquired simultaneously with functional scans. All data are organised following Brain Imaging Data Structure principles and accompanied by comprehensive quality control metrics and preprocessed derivatives. This dataset enables investigation of individual-specific functional brain organisation, test-retest reliability of connectivity patterns, and state-dependency of functional networks in autism, addressing a notable gap in publicly available neuroimaging resources.