Attentional rhythmic blink: Theta/Alpha balance in neural oscillations determines the rhythmicity in visual sampling

Brain oscillations in the theta (3-7 Hz) and alpha (7-13 Hz) bands are implicated in visual perception and attention. We show that in an attentional blink paradigm, where the task requires detecting two targets presented in rapid succession, perceptual performance varied with the rhythms at these two frequencies, which we name attentional rhythmic blink. In the absence of distractors, second target detection performance fluctuated at the theta rhythm, but the fluctuation frequency shifted toward alpha rhythm when distractors were interspersed with the targets. We further show, in magnetoencephalography experiments, that a change in the dominant frequency of ongoing neural oscillations accompanied those in perceptual performance, with the parietal theta being more pronounced in the no-distractor and the occipital alpha in the distractor conditions, respectively. We propose that perceptual rhythms may depend on the power balance between ongoing neural oscillations, determined by the task-specific demand.