Global transmission of Salmonella enterica serovars associated with historical pork trade via Euramerica centralized sourcing

Abstract

Past decades have witnessed swine as the common sources of Salmonella enterica infections. Nevertheless, how Salmonella enterica entered food supply chains and caused foodborne outbreaks remains to be excluded. By analysis of 718 publicly Salmonella enterica isolates, we demonstrated that Euramerica act as the centralized sourcing for the global spread of Salmonella enterica which origins at the pinnacle of pork production. Specifically, the lineage of Salmonella Choleraesuis lend geographic support for their dispersal from Euramerica centralized origins. We used the generalized linear model to quantify the relative contributions of potential explanatory variables to the global transmission of Salmonella enterica. The global pork trade may act as the key driver for the geographic dispersal of Salmonella enterica over the world. In addition, the application of antimicrobials over the past 80 years may also exert a large impact on the evolution of Salmonella enterica genomics. Taken together, our findings provided the global lineage evolution of Salmonella enterica. Further investigation and potential intervention are needed to identify the global spread of Salmonella enterica over the world.