bioRxivMolecular BiologyPreprint
Chikungunya virus transmission in the Southernmost state of Brazil was characterized by self-limited cases (2017 to 2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak
Tatiana Schäffer GregianiniiD, Richard Steiner SalvatoiD, Regina Bones BarcellosiD, Fernanda Marques de Souza GodinhoiD, Amanda Pellenz RuivoiD, Viviane Horn de Melo, Júlio Augusto Schroder, Fernanda Letícia Martiny, Erica Bortoli Möllmann, Cátia Favreto, Ludmila Fiorenzano BaethgeniD, Vithoria Pompermaier Ferreira, Lívia Eidt de Lima, Cláudia Fasolo PiazzaiD, Taís Raquel Marcon MachadoiD, Irina Marieta BeckeriD, Raquel Rocha RamosiD, Guilherme Carey FrölichiD, Alana Fraga Rossetti, Lucas da Cunha Almeida, Tahiana Machado Antunes Rodrigues, Isabella Tabelli Bragança, Aline Alves Scarpellini CamposiD, Verônica Baú Manzoni, Laís Ceschini MachadoiD, , Gabriel Luz WallauiD
Abstract
Chikungunya is a reemerging arthropod-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean and ECSA genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several states since 2014. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost State, the first autochthonous cases were reported in 2016. We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterize the increasing CHIKF burden in RS between 2017- 2021. Distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype were responsible for human infections between 2017-2021. Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. New CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.
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