A New World begomovirus infecting Cotton in Argentina

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a globally significant cash crop cultivated for its versatile fiber, widely used in the textile industry. Cotton, as other crops, is vulnerable to infectious pathogens. Several of them, including viruses, are a major threat to cotton production. Geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) are insect transmitted, small non-enveloped viruses, with circular single-stranded DNA genomes, which are encapsidated in quasi-icosahedral geminated virions. Here we present evidence of a novel begomovirus (genus Begomovirus) infecting cotton from Argentina. Two circular ssDNA virus sequences were assembled from high-throughput sequencing data from Gossyipium hirsutum cotton samples showing mosaic symptoms from Argentina. Structural and functional annotation indicated that the virus sequences corresponded to complete DNA components A and B of a novel New World bipartite begomovirus. Genetic distance and evolutionary analyses support that the detected sequences correspond to a new virus, a tentative prototype member of a novel species which we propose the name "Cotton mosaic virus" (CoMV).