A short-term decellularisation technique for porcine carotid arteries that conveys a structural stimulus to cells

Abstract

In many cases, treatment for stenotic atherosclerotic lesions requires the use of bypass grafts to divert blood flow around the diseased vessel sections. Autologous vessels are considered the "gold standard" for bypass conduits; however, the shortage of healthy autologous vessels has resulted in an increasing focus on optimising synthetic, biological and/or tissue engineered vascular bypass grafts. While many of the previously published methods have been shown to fall short of producing an ideal TEVG, this report presents a decellularisation process that produces an acellular vascular graft that is efficient, cost effective, and could be readily automated. The resulting graft can be used "off the shelf", has preserved arterial structure and mechanical properties, and conforms to decellularisation criteria regarding the sufficient removal of cellular and genetic components. Additionally, the graft does not require any priming, supports molecular transport, can withstand supraphysiological pressures, and can support cell attachment and growth under physiological strain conditions whilst providing structural cues for cell adhesion and growth. Impact statementVascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the absence of suitable autologous vessels, there currently exists a clear clinical need for off the shelf vascular grafts that can successfully bypass diseased arteries. This paper outlines a short-term method for obtaining such a graft. The technique used involves decellularising porcine carotid arteries whilst preserving arterial structure and mechanical properties and is compliant with the international standard for implantable vascular prostheses: EN ISO 7198:2017. Additionally, this protocol is cost and time effective, and produces reproducible "ready to use" acellular grafts that support molecular transport, can withstand supraphysiological pressures, and can support cell attachment and growth with controlled structural cues under physiological strain conditions.