Genome Analysis of Bacillus paralicheniformis AA1 isolated from a conventional milpa farming system in the northwestern region of Sonora, Mexico

Abstract

This study provides an in-depth genome analysis of Bacillus paralicheniformis AA1, a bacterial strain isolated from a traditional milpa farming system in Sonora, Mexico. The genomic investigation revealed a high level of completeness, demonstrated by the presence of a diverse and functionally significant repertoire of genes associated with fundamental biological processes, including nutrient assimilation, stress response, and cellular regulation. Notably, the genome also contains genes responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, highlighting its potential for biotechnological applications. Taxonomic classification was rigorously conducted using integrated genome-wide approaches, which definitively confirmed the identification of isolate AA1 as belonging to the species Bacillus paralicheniformis. Comparative genomic analysis further established a high degree of genetic similarity between AA1 and other B. paralicheniformis strains with well-characterized biotechnological capabilities. This similarity strongly suggests that AA1 harbors genetic elements responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, enzymes with industrial relevance, and metabolites that promote plant growth. The findings underscore the potential of Bacillus paralicheniformis AA1 as a valuable resource for biotechnology and sustainable agriculture. By enhancing our understanding of microbial diversity within traditional agroecosystems, this study contributes to the broader knowledge base required for the development of innovative agricultural practices. Future research should focus on functional validation of key genes to fully unlock AA1s potential as a bioresource for antimicrobial production, enzyme synthesis, and crop enhancement, paving the way for its application in environmentally sustainable farming systems.