Language gene polymorphism pattern survey provided important information for education context in human evolution

Abstract

Study on language gene polymorphism patterns (LGPP) across different populations could provide important information on human evolution. In this study, as a preliminary observation, we adopted 148 single nucleic polymorphism (SNP) sites from 13 language genes, each with 4-13 SNPs. These SNPs were screened across 112 whole genome sequences (including 59 ancient genomes ranging from 2000 BP to 120000 BP) from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). We found that four distinct LGPPs featured across human evolution history, though it is still to decipher whether they correspond to the three batches of out-of-Africa ancient humans and modern human; Surprisingly, ten ancient samples from the small country, Nepal, contain all 4 basic LGPPs, suggesting that the southern foothills and nearby of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were likely an agglomeration place for ancient humans; Chinese samples also have 3-4 basic LGPPs. Of note, some types of Neanderthals and Denisovans possessed a LGPP almost the same as modern humans.