Investigating lncRNAs at different levels of parasitism in parasitic plants

Parasitic plants exhibit unique adaptations, including specialized structures like haustoria and reduced organs. We analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data from nine parasitic species across hemi-, holo-, and endoparasitic lifestyles, uncovering distinct patterns of lncRNA abundance and expression. Holoparasites exhibited the highest lncRNA counts, while endoparasites displayed notable reductions. Expression analyses revealed tissue-specific patterns, with elevated lncRNA activity in haustorial tissues of Cuscuta. Phylogenetic analyses suggested horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of lncRNA sequences, particularly in Sapria. These findings highlight the potential involvement of lncRNAs in parasitic plant adaptation, host interaction, and genomic evolution through HGT.