Convolving Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks at Various Magnifications to Extract Diagnostic Features for Digital Pathology

Deep learning is an area of artificial intelligence that has received much attention in the past few years due to both an increase in computational power with the increased use of graphics processing units (GPUs) for computational analyses and the performance of these class of algorithms on visual recognition tasks. They have found utility in applications ranging from image search to facial recognition for security and social media purposes. Their continued success has propelled their use across many new domains including the medical field, in areas of radiology and pathology in particular, as these fields are thought to be driven by visual recognition tasks. In this paper, we present an application of deep learning, termed transfer learning, using ResNet50, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to act as a feature-detector at various magnifications to identify low and high level features in digital pathology images of various breast lesions for the purpose of classifying them correctly into the labels of normal, benign, in-situ, or invasive carcinoma as provided in the ICIAR 2018 Breast Cancer Histology Challenge (BACH).