A Comparative Study of Novel Microscopic Entities in Rock Samples: Implications for Panspermia and the Origin of Life.

This study presents the discovery and characterization of novel microscopic structures found on the surface of a rock sample collected from a stream in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. The structures, termed microcondrulos, exhibit spherical morphologies atypical of known terrestrial entities. Qualitative and semi-quantitative chemical analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Results revealed a complex elemental composition, with up to forty-eight different elements detected, including C, O, N, Si, Ti, V, Ni, La, and Ce, among others. The microcondrulos were differentiated from known terrestrial contaminants such as pollen, bacteria, and various protist groups. Comparative analysis with previously reported stratospheric samples and micrometeorites suggests a possible non-terrestrial origin. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on the diversity of life and the potential for alternative biogenesis. A taxonomic proposal for these new entities is presented for the first time.