Unintentional finger force drifts are minimally influenced by temporal evolution of surface friction

Humans consistently decrease the amount of force they produce during isometric finger pressing in the absence of visual feedback, a phenomenon often called "force drift." This decrease in force production has been attributed to limitations in working memory and/or adaptive neural control processes that minimize energy consumption. In this study, we investigated a potential peripheral reason for such force drifts: increases in the coefficient of friction between the fingertip and the surface it contacts due to changes in fingertip contact area as the fingertip hydrates under prolonged pressure. We investigated this possibility by eliciting force drifts from participants performing isometric pressing tasks against smooth glass, which shows the phenomenon of increasing contact area during prolonged contact, and a polymer which does not exhibit this phenomenon. We confirmed that the coefficient of friction only increased on the glass plate, however we did not observe a difference in force drifts between these two surfaces, although we found some evidence that force drift could be associated with coefficient of friction. Our findings suggest that factors other than peripheral changes in coefficient of friction are the primary drivers of force drifts.