Soil chemistry and soil history significantly structure oomycete communities in Brassicaceae crop rotations

Abstract

Oomycetes are critically important soil microbial communities, especially for agriculture where they are responsible for major declines in yields. Unfortunately, oomycetes are vastly understudied compared to bacteria and fungi. As such, our understanding of how oomycete biodiversity and community structure varies through time in the soil remains poor. Soil history established by previous crops is one factor known to structure other soil microbes, but has not been investigated for its influence on oomycetes. In this study, we established three different soil histories in field trials; the following year these plots were planted with five different Brassicaceae crops. We hypothesized that the previously established soil histories would structure different oomycete communities, regardless of their current Brassicaceae crop host, in both the roots and rhizosphere. We used a nested-ITS amplicon strategy incorporated with MiSeq metabarcoding, where the sequencing data was used to infer amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of the oomycetes present in each sample. This allowed us to determine the impact of different soil histories on the structure and biodiversity of the oomycete root and rhizosphere communities from the five different Brassicaceae crops. We found that each soil history structured distinct oomycete rhizosphere communities, regardless of different Brassicaceae crop hosts, while soil chemistry structured the oomycete communities more during a dry year. Interestingly, soil history appeared specific to oomycetes, but was less influential for bacterial communities previously identified from the same samples. These results advance our understanding of how different agricultural practices and inputs can alter edaphic factors to impact future oomycete communities. Examining how different soil histories endure and impact oomycete biodiversity will help clarify how these important communities may be assembled in agricultural soils. HighlightsO_LICrop rotations model how soil history impacts subsequent microbial communities C_LIO_LIBrassicaceae oilseed crops might mitigate pathogenic oomycetes C_LIO_LISoil history significantly structures oomycete communities C_LIO_LIOomycetes are significantly affected by soil chemistry C_LIO_LIBrassicaceae crop hosts weakly influence oomycete communities C_LI O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=115 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/499733v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (64K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f2160aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@84fbeforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b81689org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cfacf4_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG