Uniquome: Construction and Decoding of a Novel Proteomic Atlas that Contains New Peptide Entities

Abstract

Cellular and molecular uniqueness has recently gained eminent importance, due to the large amount of data produced by "-omics" technologies. Herein, we have constructed and decoded the "Uniquome", by introduction of the new peptide entities: (a) "Core Unique Peptide" (CrUP), defined as the peptide whose sequence is accommodated, specifically and exclusively, only in one protein in a given proteome, and also bears the minimum length of amino acid sequence; (b) "Composite Unique Peptide" (CmUP), defined as the peptide composed by the linear unification of CrUPs, when two or more successive in order CrUPs overlap one another; (c) "Family Unique Peptide" (FUP), defined as the CrUPs that are common between all members of a given family, but unique only for the protein members of the particular family, and (d) "Universal Unique Peptides" (UUPs), which are the common CrUPs in a given protein across organisms, carrying the important ability to securely identify a protein independently of an organism. By these entities as tool-box, we have analyzed the human and model organisms, respective, proteomes. We demonstrate that these novel peptide entities play a crucial role for protein identification, protein-function prediction, cell physiology, tissue pathology, therapeutic oncology and translational medicine. Finally, we suggest that across species the conserved sequences are not DNA nucleotides but CrUPs entities. One-Sentence SummaryWe constructed and decoded the "Uniquome", by introducing the new peptide entities Core Unique Peptide, Composite Unique Peptide, Family Unique Peptide and Universal Unique Peptide