Genome-Wide Identification of Epigenetic Regulators in Quercus suber

Modifications of DNA and histones, including methylation and acetylation, are critical for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression during plant development, particularly during environmental adaptation processes. However, information on the enzymes catalyzing all these modifications in perennial trees, such as Quercus suber, is still not available. In this study, several epigenetic modifier proteins, including eight DNA methyltransferases (DNA Mtases), three DNA demethylases (DDMEs) and ninety-one histone modifiers including thirty-five histone methyltransferases (HMTs), twenty-six histone demethylases (HDMTs), eight histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and twenty-two histone acetylases (HDACs) were identified in Q. suber. Phylogenetic analyses of the DNA and histone modifier proteins were performed using several plant species homologs, enabling the classification of the Q. suber proteins. Additional in silico analysis showed that some Q. suber DNA Mtases, DMEs and histone modifiers have the typical domains found in the plant model Arabidopsis, which might suggest a conserved functional role. A link between the expression levels of each gene in different Q. suber tissues (buds, flowers, acorns, embryos, cork and roots) with the functions already known for their closest homologs in other species was also established. Therefore, the data generated here are important for future studies exploring the role of epigenetic regulators in this economically important species.