Neural field theory as a framework for modeling and understanding consciousness states in the brain

Understanding the neural correlates of consciousness remains a central challenge in neuroscience. In this study, we explore the potential of neural field theory (NFT) as a computational framework for representing consciousness states. While prior research has validated NFTs capacity to differentiate between normal and pathological states of consciousness, the relationship of its parameters to the representation of consciousness levels remains unclear. Here, we fitted a corticothalamic NFT model to EEG data collected from healthy individuals and patients with disorders of consciousness. We then comprehensively explored the correlations between the fitted NFT parameters and features extracted from both experimental and simulated EEG data, across various states of consciousness. The identified correlations not only highlight the models ability to differentiate between states of consciousness, but also shed light on the physiological bases of these states, pinpointing potential biomarkers. Our results provide valuable insights into how consciousness levels are represented within the NFT framework and into the dynamics of brain activity across various consciousness states. This underscores the potential of NFT as a useful tool for consciousness research, facilitating in-silico experimentation.