Expanding growers' choice of disease management options can promote suboptimal social outcomes

Abstract

1Previous models of growers decision-making during epidemics have unrealistically limited disease management choices to just two options. Here, we expand previous game-theoretic models of grower decision-making to include three control options: crop that is either tolerant, resistant, or susceptible to disease. Using Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) as a case study, we investigate how growers can be incentivised to use different control options to achieve socially-optimal outcomes. To do this, we consider the efforts of a "social planner" who moderates the price of crops. We find that subsidising tolerant crop costs the social planner more in subsidies, as its use encourages selfishness and widespread adoption. Subsidising resistant crop, however, provides widespread benefits by reducing the prevalence of disease across the community of growers, including those that do not control, reducing the number of subsidies required from the social planner. We then use Gini coefficients to measure equitability of each subsidisation scheme. This study highlights how grower behaviour can be altered using crop subsidies to promote socially-optimal outcomes during epidemics.