Orally Administered Octenidine Is Effective Against Oral/Throat Pathogens and Safe for the Normal Microbiota of the Oral Cavity, Throat and Large Intestine

Abstract

Pharyngitis is a leading cause of outpatient antibiotic use, despite its typically viral or self-limiting nature. Such unnecessary antibiotic therapies are not only the cause of increasing antibiotic resistance, but also significant changes in the human microbiota in the intestines and other locations, which translate into immune disorders and an increased risk of developing several chronic diseases. Orally administered octenidine-containing lozenges offer a topical alternative, but their effects on the host microbiota of the oral cavity, throat, and intestine remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm in vitro activity of octenidine lozenges against 106 microbial strains, including pathogens and commensals from the oral cavity, pharynx, and large intestine. Minimal biocidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) were determined under physiologically relevant exposure times: 23 minutes for oral contact and 24 hours for intestinal transit. At concentrations achievable in saliva and the intestinal lumen, octenidine effectively eradicated all oropharyngeal pathogens while leaving intestinal commensals unaffected. Its impact on oral commensals resembled that of routine mechanical cleaning. These in vitro findings are of high translative value because they support the use of octenidine lozenges as a safe topical treatment for pharyngeal infections - "sore throat", without adverse effects on the gut microbiota.