Large-scale monitoring of resistance to coumaphos, amitraz and pyrethroids in Varroa destructor

Abstract

Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite causing devastating damages to honey bee colonies around the world. Its impact is considered a major factor contributing to the significant seasonal losses of colonies recorded every year. Beekeepers are usually relying on a reduced set of acaricides to manage the parasite, usually the pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate or flumethrin, the organophosphate coumaphos and the formamidine amitraz. However, the evolution of resistance in the populations is leading to an unsustainable scenario with almost no alternatives to reach an adequate control of the mite. Here we present the results from the first, large-scale and extensive monitoring of the susceptibility to acaricides in the Comunitat Valenciana, one of the most prominent apicultural regions in Spain. Our ultimate goal was to provide beekeepers with timely information to help them decide what would be the best alternative for a long-term control of the mites in their apiaries. Our data show that there is a significant variation in the expected efficacy of coumaphos and pyrethroids across the region, indicating the presence of a different ratio of resistant individuals to these acaricides in each population. On the other hand, the expected efficacy of amitraz was more consistent, although slightly below the expected efficacy according to the label. HIGHLIGHTSO_LIVarroa destructor is causing severe damages to honey bee colonies worldwide. C_LIO_LIThere are very few acaricides available to manage the parasite. C_LIO_LIThe evolution of resistance is limiting our capacity to control the mite. C_LIO_LIWe estimated the expected efficacy of the main acaricides in many Spanish apiaries. C_LIO_LIThe information was shared with beekeepers for them to decide the best treatment to control the mite. C_LI