Organisation of the nervous system in cysts of the freshwater tardigrade Thulinius ruffoi (Parachela, Isohypsibioidea: Doryphoribiidae)

Abstract

Encystment is a natural process that involves cyst formation, and at least some species of tardigrades can form cysts. However, the encystment process and cyst structure among tardigrades are still poorly understood. Despite some aspects of the encysted animals system organisation being examined in the past, the morphology and structure of the nervous system have never been thoroughly investigated. The present study covers anatomical, histological and morphological details and proposes physiological aspects of the nervous system in encysted Thulinius ruffoi up to 11 months duration in encystment. This is the first record of the nervous system organisation in a species belonging to the family Doryphoribiidae and describes morphological changes that occur during cyst formation.