Large language models possess some ecologicalknowledge, but how much?
Filip Dorm, Joseph W. Millard, Drew W. Purves, Michael Harfoot, Oisin Mac Aodha
Benchmarking GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro across five closed-book ecological tasks shows solid coarse species presence and trait recall but poor fine-scale range mapping and threat classification.
Ecological Informatics · Mar 17, 2026Peer-reviewedEcology✦ In-depth digest