Self-Terminating Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators via Enzyme-Programmed Mechanical Feedback
Fan Mo, Gali Bar-Shalom, Tina Khairallah, Ehud Shimko Gozlan, Yuchen Liu, Alejandro Sosnik, Luai R. Khoury
This paper introduces a bilayer hydrogel actuator that uses enzyme-programmed mechanical feedback to achieve self-regulated shape transformation and autonomous recovery.
bioRxiv · Mar 12, 2026 · PreprintBioengineering