The COVID-19 RNA vaccine SpikevaxTM transfects human umbilical endothelial cells and induces Spike protein production, inflammation and leukocyte adhesion
Marco Cosentino, Marco Ferrari, Nicola Schiavone, Emanuela Rasini, Alessandra Luini, Massimiliano Legnaro, Maurizio Federico, Franca Marino, Giovanni Vanni Frajese
bioRxiv · Sep 18, 2026 · PreprintPharmacology & Toxicology