Multiple carotenoid-based signals are enhanced despite poor body condition in urban male and female Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinals)
D. T. Baldassarre, H. S. Bedell, K. M. Drzewiecki, B. D. Goodman, M. L. Mills, D. A. Ramos
The study finds urban Northern Cardinals have enhanced carotenoid-based visual signals despite poorer body condition compared to rural birds.
bioRxiv · Mar 8, 2022Evolutionary Biology