Immunomodulatory Effects of Insulin-Derived Fibrils from Infusion Pumps: Role of Phenolic Preservatives in Macrophage Activation
Priscila Silva Cunegundes, Congxiao Cheng, Elizabeth Wisman, Daniel Londyn Menkes, Ulrike Klueh
This study examines how insulin-derived fibrils formed with and without phenolic preservatives affect macrophage activation, showing distinct immunomodulatory mechanisms independent of ROS production.
bioRxiv · Jun 9, 2026 · PreprintImmunology