Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals an association between testosterone treatment and reduced hormone signaling in the human mammary gland
Kiet T. Phong, Siyou Song, Esther A. Kim, Danny Conrad, Zev J. Gartner
This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing to show that testosterone treatment reduces estrogen signaling in mammary gland cells of transgender men compared to cisgender women.
bioRxiv · Jan 2, 2026 · PreprintCell Biology