Latitudinal Patterns in Immunogenetic and Microbiome Diversity in two anuran species: Bufo bufo and Bufo spinosus
Eleonore Susi, Zhenzhen He, Filip Thörn, Patrik Rödin‐Mörch, Niki Chondrelli, Barbora Thumsová, Jaime Bosch, Anssi Laurila, Jacob Höglund, Maria Cortázar-Chinarro
This study compares immunogenetic and microbiome diversity in two toad species across latitudes, finding species-level differences in MHC diversity and microbiome composition that may affect disease susceptibility.
bioRxiv · Jul 11, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology