Systematic comparison of observational and Mendelian Randomization estimates for cardiometabolic proteomic signatures
Þórarinn Jónmundsson, Valur Emilsson, Elisabet Alexandra Frick, Heida Bjarnadottir, Eva Jacobsen, Thor Aspelund, Lenore J. Launer, Joseph Loureiro, Anthony P. Orth, Nancy Finkel, Vilmundur G. Gudnason, Valborg Guðmundsdóttir
This study compares observational and Mendelian Randomization estimates of cardiometabolic proteomic signatures, finding that reverse causation predominantly shapes proteomic associations.
medRxiv · Dec 4, 2025 · PreprintGenetic & Genomic Medicine